These indicators measure restrictions on foreign ownership of companies across sectors.

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Sector Group Country score IAB regional average IAB global average
Sector Greenfield M&A
Mining        100 100
Oil and gas        100 100
100.096.292.0
Sector Greenfield M&A
Agriculture        100 100
Forestry        100 100
100.097.595.9
Sector Greenfield M&A
Light manufacturing        100 100
Manufacturing of food products         100 100
Pharmaceutical products        100 100
Publishing        100 100
100.098.596.6
Sector Greenfield M&A
Fixed-line infrastructure        100 100
Fixed-line telephony services        100 100
Wireless/mobile infrastructure        100 100
Wireless/mobile services        100.0 100.0
100.096.288.0
Sector Greenfield M&A
Power distribution        100.0 100.0
Power generation – biomass        100.0 100.0
Power generation – coal        100.0 100.0
Power generation – hydro        100.0 100.0
Power generation – solar        100.0 100.0
Power generation – wind        100.0 100.0
Power transmission        100.0 100.0
100.096.487.6
Sector Greenfield M&A
Banking        100 100
100.0100.091.0
Sector Greenfield M&A
Insurance        100 100
100.094.991.2
Sector Greenfield M&A
Airport operation        100 100
Domestic air        49.0 49.0
International air        49.0 49.0
Port operation        100.0 100.0
Railway freight        100.0 100.0
79.684.078.5
Sector Greenfield M&A
Newspaper        100 100
Television broadcasting        100.0 100.0
100.073.168.0
Sector Greenfield M&A
Construction        100.0 100.0
Retail distribution services        100 100
Tourism        100 100
100.0100.098.1
Sector Greenfield M&A
Health care        100 100
Waste management and recycling        100 100
100.0100.096.0

Summary
Romanian law (Government Emergency Order No. 92/1997) provides for national treatment of foreign investors with regard to the establishment rights of companies. Foreign investors are generally allowed to invest in any sector open to private domestic companies. Thus, with the exception of the domestic and international air transportation industries, all sectors covered by the Investing Across Sectors indicators are fully open to foreign equity ownership. Foreign capital participation in the 2 aforementioned sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%, as is the case in other European Union countries. This restriction does not apply to investors from countries of the European Economic Area (EEA).

Main laws for this indicator

Main laws (English)
Company Law no.31/1990 (comment: corporate law framework applies to both domestic and foreign investors)
Emergency Government Ordinance no. 85/2008 on investment promotion
Emergency Government Ordinance (GEO) no. 92/1997 for promoting direct inv

Main laws (local language)
Legea nr. 31/1990 privind Societatile Comerciale
Ordonanta de Urgenta a Guvernului nr. 85/2008 privind stimularea investitiilor
Ordonanta de Urgenta a Guvernului nr. 92/1997 privind stimularea Investitiilor Straine Directe aprobata prin Legea n

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